Tuesday 22 August 2017

2. SHORT ANSWERS AND SUMMARIES


QUESTION NO. 1
1. Answer the following questions. (Hazrat Muhammad (SAW) an Embodiment of Justice)
(i) How can people achieve perfection in the moral, spiritual and social areas of life?
Ans. People can achieve perfection in their moral, spiritual and social areas of life by seeking light, instructions and guidance from the Rasool's (SAW) message and life. They should make the Rasool (SAW) their role model to secure the highest level of prestige in every field of life.
(ii) How did the Rasool (SAW) set high and noble ideals for all mankind?
Ans. The Rasool (SAW) set high and noble ideals for all mankind through his practical examples by following the commandments of Allah. Not only in spirituality and morals but also in trade, business, state affairs and warfare he set perfect and noble examples.
(iii) How were the people of Makkah convinced of the Rasool's (SAW) justice even before his Nabuwat?
Ans. As a young trader, the Rasool (SAW) earned the good reputation of being an honest, fair and just business man. He (SAW) advised the most equitable plan for the setting of the Black Stone. So the people of Makkah were convinced of the Rasool's  (SAW) justice even before his Nabuwat.
(iv) What standards of justice did the Rasool (SAW) practice as head of the state of Madinah?
Ans. As head of the state of Madinah, the Rasool (SAW) practiced very high standards of justice. He (SAW) decided all cases on merit with justice and equity, irrespective of colour, creed, or race. He did not even exempt the Quraish woman who was found guilty of stealing.
(v) Why did Quraish think that the Rasool (SAW) would favour them?
Ans. Quraish thought that the Rasool (SAW) would favour them because he (SAW) himself was the member of the Quraish family. Moreover, they thought that Hazrat Usama bin Zaid (RA) was closed enough to the Rasool (SAW) to make an appeal on behalf of that guilty woman.
(vi) What made non-Muslims bring their suits to the Rasool (SAW)?
Ans. The Rasool (SAW) was well-known for his justice. He (SAW) decided all cases on merit with justice and equity, irrespective of colour, creed, race or religion. Therefore, the non-Muslims brought their suits to the Rasool (SAW) for decision.
(vii) What advice did the Rasool (SAW) give to Hazrat Ali (RA)?
Ans. The Rasool (SAW) said to Hazrat Ali (RA), "When two men come to you for judgment, never decide in favour of one without hearing the arguments of the other; it is then most likely that you will know the truth."
(viii) How does the Quran describe the personality of the Rasool (SAW)?
Ans. The Holy Quran describes the personality of the Rasool (SAW) as: "Indeed in the Rasool of Allah (Muhammad SAW), you have a good example to follow for him who hopes for (the Meeting with) Allah and the Last Day, and remembers Allah much." (33:21)

2. Answer the following questions. (Chinese New Year)
(i) When does Chinese New Year start?
Ans. According to Georgian Calendar, Chinese New Year is never on the same day each year. It typically falls somewhere between January 21st and February 20th. In 2017, the first day of the Chinese New Year is on Saturday, 28 January. 
(ii) Why is Chinese New Year never on the same day each year?
Ans. The Chinese follow lunar calendar which is based on the phases of the moon and has shorter cycle than the sun. Therefore, the Chinese New Year is never on the same day each year. It typically falls between January 21st and February 20th.
(iii) Why do Chinese families do through cleaning of their houses before New Year's Day?
Ans. Prior to the first day of the New Year it is customary for Chinese families to thoroughly clean their houses. Doing this is said to clear out any bad luck from the previous year and to make the house ready to accept good luck for the coming year.
(iv) Which colour is not allowed and which colour is encouraged on Chinese New Year? Why?
Ans. Wearing black is not allowed due to its association with death, however, wearing red is encouraged as the colour is associated with warding off bad spirits. Red envelopes given to children by adults symbolize wealth and prosperity for the coming year.
(v) What do decorations on doors and windows symbolize?
Ans. Chinese hang up signs and posters on doors and windows with the Chinese character fu written on them, which means luck and happiness. The right side of the character is a pictogram of a jar. The inverted character implies the "pouring out" of the jar of good fortune on those coming through the door!
(vi) What is the significance of New Year's Eve dinner?
Ans. The New Year's Eve dinner named as "Nian Ye Fan" is the most important dinner for the Chinese. Normally, this is the family reunion dinner, especially for those with family members away from home. It helps Chinese families to sit together and mend their bonds.
(vii) What do the little red envelopes filled with money symbolize?
Ans. Chinese people love the colour red. It is a traditional practice for adults to give children little red envelopes filled with money. These red envelopes filled with money are called "yasui qian" and symbolize wealth, happiness and prosperity for the coming year.
(viii) What is the importance of Chinese New Year for Chinese families?
Ans. Chinese New Year is very important for Chinese families. This is the time when the family members strive to be with their near and dear ones; they regard this as a time to usher out the old year and welcome the new, with great festivities and merrymaking.

QUESTION NO. 2
1. Answer the following questions. (First Aid)
(i) What is the importance of knowledge of 'First Aid' in crisis management?
Ans. First aid is the assistance given to any person suffering a sudden illness or injury, with care provided to preserve life or prevent the condition from worsening. The knowledge of 'First Aid' in crisis management prepares people to tackle with unexpected emergencies with great confidence. 
(ii) You should not keep checking if the bleeding has stopped. Why?
Ans. Minor cuts and scrapes usually stop bleeding on their own. If they don't, apply gentle pressure with a clean cloth or bandage. However, don't keep checking to see if the bleeding has stopped because this may damage or dislodge the clot that is forming and cause bleeding to resume. 
(iii) Why is it necessary to keep away soap from the wound?
Ans. To clean the area around the wound, use mild soap and a soft washcloth. But soap can irritate the wound because soap is made from fats and oils, or their fatty acids, by treating them chemically with a strong alkali. So it is necessary to keep away soap from the actual wound. 
(iv) What is an antibiotic?
Ans. An antibiotic is a type of antimicrobial drug used in the treatment and prevention of bacterial infections. It may kill or inhibit the growth of bacteria. The first antibiotic was penicillin discovered by Alexander Fleming in 1928. 
(v) How is an antibiotic cream or ointment good in healing the wound?
Ans. A thin layer of an antibiotic cream or ointment helps to keep the surface of the wound moist. The products do not make the wound heal faster, but they can help the body's natural healing process work fast. 
(vi) What should you do if you are allergic to adhesive material used in most bandages?
Ans. Allergy is a damaging immune response by the body to a substance. If you are allergic to the adhesive material used in most bandages, switch to adhesive-free dressings or sterile gauze held in place with paper tape, gauze roll or loosely applied elastic bandage.
(vii) When do you need to see a doctor?
Ans. You need to see a doctor when you are in a chronic condition, your wounds are not healing, you have a severe attack of allergic reaction and above all when First Aid fails to treat your illness or injury. 
(viii) What should your first aid kit consist of?
Ans. The first aid kit should contain; a first aid book, band-aids, elastic bandages, gauze pads, adhesive tape, antiseptic wipes, cotton wool, safety pins, tweezers, scissors, latex gloves, calamine lotion, clinical thermometer and analgesic tablets. 
2. Answer the following questions. (Television vs. Newspapers)
(i) How is a newspaper more convenient medium of news?
Ans. Newspaper does not require us to sit at a place and read the news. Busy people may read the newspaper anytime of the day. They may choose to omit certain aspects of the news that they are not interested in. Thus newspaper is a more convenient medium of news. 
(ii) How does a viewer get restricted while watching TV news?
Ans. Television requires its viewer to be at a certain place and at a certain time in order to watch and listen to the news.  The viewer cannot choose which piece of news he wishes to skip. Thus the viewer gets restricted while watching TV news. 
(iii) In what way viewing news on TV is easier than reading a newspaper?
Ans. Viewing news on TV requires little effort and a little skill of language because everything is visual and auditory. In comparison, the reader of a newspaper needs to be proficient in the language in order to understand it better. Thus viewing news on TV is easier than reading a newspaper. 
(iv) How does television make us lazy?
Ans. We view the news or any other programme at television without any effort. Watching too much television slows down our body's metabolism because we spend so much time with a numb mind doing nothing. Thus television, more than anything else, makes us lazy. 
(v) How do newspapers give us more in-depth coverage?
Ans. Although television can give us the most updated news and visuals, newspapers can give us more in-depth coverage. Editorials and column writers can give us their expert views and analysis that we can digest slowly as we read them. 
(vi) Why do some people read more than one newspapers?
Ans. Some people opt to read more than one newspaper a day so as to;
(i) Get different viewpoints of the news
(ii) Check the validity of the news
(vii) How can readers give feedback to the newspaper articles?
Ans. Feedback is the information or statements of opinion about something for its improvement. The readers can give feedback to the newspaper articles by getting their writings published in the public or open forum. 
(viii) Which medium do you prefer for news? Why?
Ans. I prefer newspapers for news because they are convenient. They can be read at any time and at any place. Uninterested aspects of the news can be skipped easily. Moreover, newspapers give more in-depth coverage. 

QUESTION NO. 3
1. Answer the following questions. (Selecting the Right Career)
(i) In past, why did people want to become a doctor, an engineer or a pilot?
Ans. In the past, people wanted to become a doctor, an engineer or a pilot because these disciplines were thought to be the only fields that could offer rewarding careers in terms of both respect and money. 
(ii) What were some famous careers for the young people in the past?
Ans. In the past, people wanted to become a doctor, an engineer or a pilot because these disciplines were thought to be the only fields that could offer rewarding careers in terms of both respect and money. 
(iii) Nowadays non-traditional careers are more appealing to young minds. Why?
Ans. Nowadays, non-traditional careers are more appealing to young minds because life has become more dynamic and innovative. Young minds have become aware of the benefits of non-traditional careers like electronic media, fashion designing and Information Technology etc. 
(iv) What is meant by the "right profession"?
Ans. A profession is any type of job that requires special education, training, or particular skill. "Right profession" means a rewarding career that involves interest and provides respect, money and mental satisfaction. 
(v) Why is it important to consider the scope of any field?
Ans. To consider the scope of any field in terms of market demand is very important. It informs us about the hiring trends and competition in the market. Thus, to examine the scope of any field helps us to choose a right profession. 
(vi) Is there any need of proper career counseling department? Why?
Ans. Yes, there is a dire need of proper career counseling department even a school level. It would determine the personalities of students, observe and analyze their interests and suggest suitable careers according to their aptitude. 
(vii) How can career counselors help the young people?
Ans. Career counselors can play a key role in guiding the young people towards a rewarding profession. They can determine the personalities of the young people, observe and analyze their interests and suggest suitable careers according to their aptitude. 
(viii) Which career do you want to opt for? Give reasons. 
Ans. I want to be a Chartered Accountant because it suits to my aptitude. I am much interested in accountancy, business statistics and commercial geography. Moreover, CA is a highly rewarding profession in terms of both respect and money.
2. Answer the following questions. (A World Without Books & Great Expectations)
(i) How does a book connect the reader and the writer?
Ans. A book is a form of private communication between the reader and the writer. By writing a book, a writer talks with his readers. And by reading a book, the reader enters into the world created by the writer. Thus the book links the both. 
(ii) In what way books are better than radio, TV and Internet?
Ans. We can keep books with us forever. We can read them whenever and wherever we like. Reading books is more 'intellectually stimulating' than listening radio, watching television or surfing the internet. Thus books are better than radio, TV or Internet.  
(iii) Why should people be given more opportunity to read books?
Ans. People should be given more opportunities to read books because they are a source of comfort, a safe shelter, sustenance and roads forward. Moreover, books provide the deepest connection to the morals that make people humans.
(iv) Who looked after Pip after the death of his parents?
Ans. Pip's parents died soon after his birth. His overbearing sister and her kindly husband, the blacksmith Joe Gargery, looked after Pip after the death of his parents. Joe loved Pip as if he were his own son. 
(v) Who was Joe? How did he treat Pip?
Ans. Joe Gargery was Pip's brother-in-law and childhood hero. He was the village blacksmith. He was kind and warm-hearted. He loved Pip as if he were his own son. He always used to come to Pip's aid when needed. 
(vi) Why did Pip give food and drink to the prisoner?
Ans. Pip gave food and drink to the prisoner because of fear, sympathy and kindness. In the churchyard, Pip met a prisoner who threatened Pips and ordered him to bring food from his house. During the dinner, Pip stole a piece of bread and gave it to the prisoner the next morning. 
(vii) Why did the prisoner support Pip?
Ans. The prisoner was highly impressed by the kindness Pip showed to him when he was hungry. So the prisoner decided to support Pip with money. This was so that Pip could receive good education in London and become a better person.
(viii) What happened to the prisoner's wealth after his death?
Ans. The prisoner, Abel Magwitch, had become a wealthy man in Australia through farming. However, in London, he was arrested and sentenced to death by the judge. Before he could be hanged, he died in prison. By law, all his wealth was confiscated by the government.

QUESTION NO. 4
1. Answer the following questions. (Population Growth and World Food Supplies)
(i) Which areas are most affected by incessant growth in population?
Ans. The incessant growth in population is causing serious economic problems in almost all continents. Great pressure is being placed on arable land, water, energy, and biological resources. The developing countries are the most affected areas by incessant growth in population.
(ii) Why are developing countries going to suffer more due to over population?
Ans. It is reported that all future population growth is going to take place in developing countries. The population growth reduces per capita income of the people because national income is divided by a big size of population. Thus developing countries are going to suffer more due to overpopulation. 
(iii) What is the major cause of food shortage and malnutrition?
Ans. Overpopulation is the major cause of food shortage and malnutrition. Due to overpopulation, there is a shortage of fertile agricultural land, fresh water and fossil energy. The scarcity of these things decrease food productivity. Moreover, more people need more food.  
(iv) How are water resources under great stress?
Ans. Due to overpopulation water resources like rivers, lakes and aquifers are under great stress because more people consume more water  for agricultural, industrial, household, recreational and environmental activities. 
(v) What is the effect of depletion of fossil energy?
Ans. The effect of depletion of fossil energy is that the prices of fuel i.e., oil, coal and natural gas are rising everywhere which is a massive setback for industries and transportation. Moreover, energy production is also reduced. 
(vi) What is the limitation of improved technology?
Ans. The limitation of improved technology is that it cannot make any addition to the existing natural resources. For example, improved technology cannot produce an unlimited flow of those vital natural resources that are the raw material for sustained agricultural production.
(vii) How can sufficient food supply be made possible for the future generation?
Ans. Sufficient food supply can be made possible for the future generation by;
(i) Managing and protecting natural resources
(ii) Controlling the fast growing population
(viii) What strategies should be adopted for safe future? 
Ans. Following strategies should be adopted for safe future;
(i) We should manage and protect natural resources
(ii) We should achieve optimum world population that is less than two billion.
2. Answer the following questions. (Faithfulness & Poems) 
(i) What case did the young men bring to Hazrat Umar Farooq (RA)?
Ans. The young men brought the case of their father's murder to Hazrat Umar Farooq (RA). They also brought the strong and sturdy murdered with them. They demanded justice by punishing the murderer for his crime. 
(ii) Why did the old man hurl a stone at the camel?
Ans. The old man hurled a stone on the camel with all his might because it had nipped a few leaves off the hanging branch from one of his trees. The stone caught the camel on the side of the head. It reeled and fell down dead. 
(iii) Why did the villager ask Hazrat Umar Farooq (RA) to delay the execution?
Ans. The villager had buried some gold in the earth in a field that no one knew the place. It belonged to his younger brother. He wanted to hand over the gold to a trustee. Thus, he asked Hazrat Umar (RA) to delay the execution for three days. 
(iv) On what condition was the criminal allowed to leave?
Ans. The criminal was asked to give his guarantor who could suffer death in case he did not return. The villager looked at the people present there. He pointed to Hazrat Abuzar Ghafari (RA) as his guarantor. Hazrat Abuzar Ghafari (RA) also agreed to become his guarantor.  
(v) Why did the accusers forgive the villagers?
Ans. The accusers forgave the villager, the murderer of their father,  as they were impressed by his honesty and faithfulness. They said to Hazrat Umar (RA), "We forgive him as forgiveness is divine." They also refused to accept any blood money. 
(vi) How can we learn from failure? 
Ans. Everyone fails in life. While failure hurts at the time, it is a part of life's design - a divine chisel. Failure is a temporary detour or delay, not defeat. It teaches us the lesson of courage. It urges us to take more daring steps to reach our goal. 
(vii) How is failure not a disgrace? 
Ans. Everyone fails in life. While failure hurts at the time, it is a part of life's design - a divine chisel. Failure is a temporary detour or delay, not defeat. To leave working after failure is surely a disgrace. But if failure urges us to take more daring and steady steps, it is no disgrace then. 
(viii) What according to the poet is a sweet noise? 
Ans. "Sweet noise" is an oxymoron - a figure of speech that juxtaposes elements that appear to be contradictory, but which contain a concealed point. The sound of rain drops falling on the leaves of trees is a "sweet noise"; it is musical for some people and noise for others. 

QUESTION NO. 5
1. Write down the summary of the poem "Try Again" by W.E. Hickson.

TRY AGAIN

Summary
     "Try Again" is a simple, reflective and moralizing poem gleaned by the pen of a British poet, William Edward Hickson. In this poem, the poet tells us the importance of trying again in case we fail in doing something due to some adverse circumstances. He says that we should continue trying again till we succeed.
     The poet says if we fail in our first attempt, we should not get disappointed. We should try again because then we will become courageous. If we persist because of this courage, we will conquer. The poet admits that when we try again, we may fail once or twice. However, if we keep on trying, we will succeed. If we do not win a race we should not give up trying again in shame. Moreover, if we find our task difficult to accomplish, we should not lose heart. Time will bring us our fruit of labour. We can also do what other people can do but it needs patience. 
     In short, this little poem gives us a big lesson. It gives us a message of hope, courage, hard work, perseverance and optimism. We should always keep this message in mind to be crowned with victory in our lives.
A winner is just a loser who tried one more time.
                                                                                                (George Moore)


2. Write down the summary of the poem of the poem "The Rain" by W.H. Davies.

THE RAIN

Summary
      "The Rain" is a beautiful, symbolic and lovable poem gleaned by the pen of a Welsh poet, William Henry Davies. In this poem the poet describes the beauty and effects of two great phenomena of Nature; rain and sunshine. He also portrays the ugly aspect of Nature with the image of a poor man suffering from rain.  
     It is raining and the speaker is present near a tree. The speaker feels that the leaves of that tree are gulping raindrops like humans. The upper leaves after quenching their thirst pass on the drops to the lower leaves. The falling of raindrops on leaves creates a "sweet noise" which appeals to the speaker. When the sun comes out after the rain stops, the sun will fill each dark, round drop present on the leaves with its wondrous light. The sight of shinning raindrops will be very lovely. But this scene will only be possible if the sun shines brightly. And so, the speaker hopes for a bright sun. 
     In short, this poem shows the poet's love for nature and his starkly realistic understanding of society and laws of nature. The emergence of bright sun after heavy rain gives us a message of hope, optimism and happiness.
It takes both rain and sunshine to make a rainbow.
                                                                                                      (Anonymous) 


3. Write down the summary of the poem "Peace" by Hartmann.

PEACE

Summary
   "Peace" is a metaphorical, thought-provoking and moralizing poem gleaned by the pen of a German poetess, Dr. Silvia Hartmann. In this poem, the poetess describes negative and positive aspects of wind which is destructive when in frenzy of rage but most of the time it is peaceful, calm and gentle.
     When the wind is in a fierce mood, it is a monster of destruction. Like a monster it roars and breaks things apart. It is so catastrophic that it completely destroys all man's work. This may be anything ever built by man. Everywhere its havoc is the same. It levels everything to the ground. In its rage it throws broken thinks in the air whirling and flying. However, this is not its real nature. The truth is that it is usually peaceful when the sky is bright blue. It is calm and quiet like whispers coming from far away. Alas! people do not give any importance to this aspect of wind.
     In short, the poem awakens a consciousness of soothing effect of wind in us that ultimately subdues its evil power. It encourages us to appreciate peace, love and benevolence instead of thinking about bad things or war. It gives us a lesson that we have to experience storms to enjoy peace.
After a storm comes a calm.
                                                                                         (Proverb)

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